English-Catalan cognates and false friends
2,363 verified English-Catalan pairs, 445 of them spelled identically, graded by how far the spelling has moved, with frequency, origin and the false friends alongside. Part of a reference covering 91 language combinations; switching pairs updates the page in place.
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SpanishPortugueseEnglishItalianCatalanFrenchRussianUkrainianGermanDutchPolishRomanianCzechSwedishEnglish & Catalan 2,363 shared, 445 identical
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Sources and licences
Derivative of Wiktionary and of CogNet. Attribution and ShareAlike travel with this data when it is published or shipped. See NOTICE at the repository root. The data on this page is published under CC BY-SA 4.0
To cite this resource: linguafolks. Cognates and false friends in fourteen European languages. www.linguafolks.com/cognates-and-false-friends. Teachers and institutions are welcome to use, print or adapt the lists in coursework with attribution and a link.
- Wiktionary
Translations, definitions (shown as the English meaning of a pair), pronunciation (IPA), part of speech, lemma and inflected-form sets, etymology. Obtained via kaikki.org / wiktextract — https://kaikki.org/.
Tatu Ylonen (2022). Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data. LREC 2022, pp. 1317-1325.
- CogNet v2.0
Cognate relations, and an independent check on translation pairs.
K. Batsuren, G. Bella & F. Giunchiglia (2019). CogNet: A Large-Scale Cognate Database. ACL 2019; and (2022) A large and evolving cognate database. Language Resources and Evaluation 56, 165-189.
- Apertium bilingual dictionaries
Independent bilingual lexicons (translation corroboration).
M. L. Forcada et al. (2011). Apertium: a free/open-source platform for rule-based machine translation. Machine Translation 25, 127-144.
- Lexique 3.83
French lemma frequency with part of speech, film and book registers.
B. New, C. Pallier, G. Schalchli, J. Bourgin & M. Gimenes (2026). Lexique 4: A major upgrade of the "Lexique" French lexical database. Behavior Research Methods 58(5), 140.
- Russian National Corpus frequency dictionary
Russian lemma frequency with part of speech.
О. Н. Ляшевская, С. А. Шаров (2009). Частотный словарь современного русского языка. Москва: Азбуковник.
- DeReWo
German lemma frequency with part of speech.
Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Programmbereich Korpuslinguistik, Mannheim, 2013.
- SUBTLEX-US
English frequency and contextual diversity.
M. Brysbaert & B. New (2009). Moving beyond Kucera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms. Behavior Research Methods 41(4), 977-990.
- wordfreq 3.1.1
Cross-language comparable frequency (Zipf scale), all fourteen languages.
R. Speer (2022). wordfreq: v3.0. Zenodo. Zipf scale after W. van Heuven, P. Mandera, E. Keuleers & M. Brysbaert (2014), SUBTLEX-UK, QJEP 67(6), 1176-1190.
- Wiktionary false-friend appendices
Evaluation set for false friends.
- BGN/PCGN romanisation
Russian and Ukrainian romanisation.
- Simplified respelling
The optional "Simplified" transcription shown under a word.
Not a standard notation and not published anywhere: an approximation for English readers, offered beside the IPA it is computed from.